从《我们》到《长路漫漫》:跨越70年的呼应——兼论20世纪俄罗斯文学中反乌托邦精神的嬗变与回归

From Us to The Long Way: Evolution of Anti Utopia Spirit in the Russian Literature of 20th century

长篇小说《我们》作为20世纪反乌托邦小说之鼻祖,其对未来的深刻反思体现了俄罗斯作家在国家乌托邦主义开始盛行之际的清醒眼光和可贵人文关怀。反乌托邦思想是白银时代文学的延续,是俄罗斯文学深厚的人道主义思想传统的延续。然而,这种反乌托邦精神在随后的苏维埃时代里不断地遭到变形与扭曲,使人文精神在苏联时代的许多作品中丢失了。随着"解冻"时代到来,失落的反乌托邦精神逐渐在苏联文学中回归,至20世纪末,当代俄罗斯作家的反乌托邦写作鲜明地呈现出深化的趋势。中篇小说《长路漫漫》对《我们》的遥相呼应正是这种变化趋势的典型体现。

As the first Dystopian fiction of 20 thcentury,US has deep reflective thoughts about future,which shows Russian writers still had clear vision and valuable humanistic cares during the time of the national prevalence of Utopia. These humanistic cares are the same spirit of the literature from the silver age,and also are the same humanism tradition of Russian literature. But this humanism tradition was constantly deformed and distorted during Soviet Literature Era,which caused most of the mainstream literary works lost this valuable humanistic spirit. When the ＂Thawing time ＂came,the lost tradition came back to Soviet Literature,and by the end of 20 th century,the spirit of Anti Utopia became stronger and stronger. Writers began to dig deeper into human nature,and the lost Russian literature tradition came back to Soviet literature in some deeper visions. The novella The Long Way echoes Us at a distance,which can be seen as the typical evidence of this trend of change.