浅析民国初年满族旗人社会角色的转变

On the Changes of Social Roles of Banner People of Man Ethnic Group in Early Years of Republic of China

辛亥革命爆发后,满族旗人失去了政治和经济特权,社会地位急剧下降,他们的社会角色开始发生转变。满族旗人为了生存,纷纷脱离旗籍,加入汉籍,将满族姓氏改为汉姓。王公贵族失去特权后,有的靠挥霍祖产度日,有的开始参加工作以求谋生,还有的则陷入了贫困潦倒的境地。普通满族旗人也产生了巨大的分化,有的成为地主,有的靠帮工为生,有的则难以为继。为了维持生计,满族聚居的地方成立了专门的机构,为旗人提供谋生的手段。

After the Revolution in 1911 in China, banner people of Man ethnic group lost privileges in politics and economy,and their social rank dropped sharply, which caused their social roles began to change. The people, in order to survive, left census registration, joined Han ethnic group, and even changed their family names into those of Han ethnic group. When banner nobles lost privileges, some people lived by squandering ancestral properties, others lived by working, and the rest fell into poverty. Common banner people also changed a lot. Some became landlords, others lived by working for the people,and the rest could not maintain a normal life. In order to maintain daily life, special organizations were founded in places where Man ethnic group lived so as to provide banner people with means to make a living.