同步磁阻电机的无速度传感器矢量控制技术研究

Sensorless vector control for synchronous reluctance motor

针对电机无速度传感器控制中,需要设计稳定、准确的观测器以实现系统全速范围内可控的问题,对同步磁阻电机的控制结构、控制器、考虑转速估算的磁链观测器等方面进行了研究,开展了一套基于转子位置定向的系统的控制方案的分析。根据同步磁阻电机的数学模型,建立了电压-电流型磁链观测器的小信号模型,分析了观测器的稳定性,给出了系统在低速反转模式下固有的不稳定特性;利用Matlab/Simulink搭建了系统仿真模型,并利用基于d SPACE的半实物仿真实验平台,对控制方案、低速反转模式进行了实验研究。研究结果表明:使用电压-电流模型观测器在正转区能实现无速度传感器矢量控制,证明了方案的可行性;当系统处于低速反转区时观测器不稳定,证明了小信号模型分析的正确性。

Aiming at the problems of designing a stable and accurate observer to achieve the full range of speed in motor sensorless control,the control structure,controller and the flux observer considering the speed estimation of synchronous reluctance motor（ SynRM） were studied. After the analysis of control scheme of system under rotor position orientation,a small signal model of voltage-current model flux observer was established according to the mathematical model of the SynRM. The stability of the observer was analyzed,and the inherent instability characteristics was given when reversing at low speed. Matlab/Simulink simulation model was built,and the performance of the control scheme was carried out through the d SPACE experimental platform. The results indicate that the control scheme using voltage-current model observer is feasible at positive rotation region,and the theoretical analysis is proved by the instability of the voltage-current observer when the system is rotating reversely at low speed.