从杞县卡源事件看公众沟通问题

Radioactive Source Blocking Event in Qi County and the Public Communication

2009年6月,河南省开封市杞县某辐照厂发生了卡源故障,故障导致堆放在辐照大厅的辣椒粉等货物起火。随后"发生核爆炸"等言论在公众间传播,并引发了公众的恐慌,最后演变成部分公众盲目撤离事件。杞县卡源事件的处置及事件发展过程,可以看出公众沟通工作存在的问题。公众沟通工作包含沟通对象、沟通方法、沟通时机、沟通内容、舆情监控等要素。在公众沟通时,针对不同类别的公众开展针对性的沟通工作,有助于提高沟通效能。提高公众的参与程度,进一步拓展公众沟通的技术手段,有助于有效提高公众的科学认知水平。公众沟通要从平常做起,这与应急工作的平战结合的思想是完全一致的。公众沟通的内容应注重科学性、客观性和全面性。舆情监控工作也是公众沟通工作中必不可少的部分,有助于及时遏制错误舆论的传播,提高应急响应的工作效率。

In June 2009, the radioactive source in one irradiation facility in Qi county, Kaifeng, Henan province was stuck. The incident caused the stored irradiated material on fire because of the thermal energy from the dep osition of the ionized radiation. The rumor of nuclear explosion was then widely spread among the public, which caused serious panic, and resulted in self evacuation of tens of thousands of residents. From the progress of the radioactive source blocking event, we can find some problems existed in the public communication in nuclear and radiation related event. The communicated objects, communicating method, communicating timing, communi caring contents, and public opinion monitoring and control are key factors in public communication. Dividing the public into various types, which are endowed with different weighting factors, will promote the effectiveness of public communication. Participation of the public should be encouraged, and the advanced technical approaches for communication should be explored, to help the public to recognize the nuclear and radiological impact scien tifically. The communication should not only be emphasized in emergency, but also in routine work. The content for public communication needs to be scientific, impersonal and comprehensive. Public opinion monitoring and control is also necessary. It can help to prohibit the spread of the incorrect public opinion and facilitate the ration al public response.