家庭系统视域下幼儿共情能力的培养

Cultivation of Infant's Empathy Ability from the Perspective of Family System

共情能力是一种令世界更美好的能力,个体的共情程度对我们建立一个善良、安全和富有同情心的社会有很大的影响。鉴于幼儿期的共情能力可以显著预测成人后的亲社会行为与攻击行为,越来越多的研究者关注幼儿的共情能力。从20世纪80年代开始,研究者对影响共情发展的各种因素的探索与日俱增,尤其认为家庭环境可能是影响共情发展的重要因素。根据家庭系统理论,从家庭情感、家庭人际关系、家庭氛围等三大方面探讨了亲子系统、同胞系统、夫妻系统对幼儿共情能力发展的影响,并从家庭教育的角度对幼儿共情能力的培养提出建议。

Empathy is a ability to make the world better. The degree of empathy of individuals has a great impact on the construction of a good,safe and compassionate society. In view of the fact that the empathy ability in early childhood can significantly predict the prosocial behavior and aggressive behavior after adulthood,more and more researchers pay attention to the empathy ability of young children. Since 1980 s,researchers have been exploring more and more factors affecting the development of empathy,especially the family environment. Based on the family system theory,this paper discusses the influence of family subsystems on the development of children＇s empathy ability from three aspects： family emotion,family interpersonal relationship and family atmosphere,as well as promotes suggestions on how to cultivate children＇s empathy ability from family education.