人诱导多潜能干细胞在体外分化成小胶质细胞的研究进展

Research progress of human induced pluripotent stem cells differentiation into microglial cells in vitro

小胶质细胞是脑中重要的免疫细胞,与许多疾病的发生和发展密切相关。然而由于人小胶质细胞稀有且难以从人中枢神经系统获得,使得对小胶质细胞的研究受到挑战。人诱导多潜能干细胞(human induced pluripotent stem cells,hiPSCs)可以通过编程成人体细胞获得,其具有多种分化潜能、体外大量扩增、具有个体基因背景等优势。近两年有研究人员通过重复小胶质细胞在体内发育过程,使用限定条件培养、共培养、3D培养等方式诱导分化出形态、功能、基因类型、蛋白表达、分泌因子与原代人小胶质细胞相似的细胞。本文就近两年hiPSCs诱导分化成小胶质细胞的研究进展进行综述,以期为个体疾病的研究、药物筛选及个性化医疗提供参考。

Microglia are important immune cells in the brain. They profoundly influence the development and progression of neurological disorders. However, researches on microglia are challenging because of their limited availability from the human CNS tissue. Human induced pluripotent stem cells （hiPSCs） can be reprogramed through adult somatic cells therefore carry individual genetic background, hiPSCs not only possess multiple differentiation potentials, but their expansion can be scaled up easily in vitro. In the recent two years, researchers have generated microglia from hiPSCs using chemically defined conditions, co-culture or 3D culture in the attempt to reproduce the development of microglia in the embryo. The hiPSCs-derived microglia resemble the morphology, functions, genotype, protein expression and secreted factors of human primary microglia. Here we review the research progress on the in vitro hiPSCs differentiation into microglia in the past two years in order to provide references for the study of individual diseases, drug screening and personalized medicine.