珠海市金湾区小学生六龄牙患龋状况及家长口腔健康知识调查

Investigation on dental caries of six-year-old teeth among primary school students and oral health knowledge among their parents in Jinwan District of Zhuhai City

目的调查珠海市金湾区小学生六龄牙患龋情况及家长对口腔健康知识的掌握情况,探寻家长口腔健康意识对小学生口腔健康的影响。方法 2017年3月采用随机整群抽样方法选取珠海市金湾区3所小学2~5年级学生1 260人,检查六龄牙患龋情况。并随机对其中443名学生家长进行口腔健康知识问卷调查,回收有效问卷440份,有效回收率为99.32%。结果六龄牙患龋率为26.67%(336/1 260),其中男生为23.70%(159/671),女生为30.05%(177/589),仅10~<11岁年龄组男女学生六龄牙患龋率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=6.17,P<0.05)。8~<9、9~<10、10~<11、≥11岁年龄组儿童六龄牙患龋率分别为22.60%(101/447)、21.84%(69/316)、28.21%(77/273)、39.73%(89/224)。≥11岁年龄组儿童六龄牙患龋率与8~<9、9~<10岁年龄组比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ~2=8.76、10.14,P<0.05)。家长对乳牙坏了需要治疗、牙齿的好坏不是天生的、口腔健康对自己的生活很重要具有一定的了解,知晓率分别为74.77%(329/440)、88.64%(390/440)、97.05%(427/440),但是对什么是六龄牙、什么是窝沟封闭、含氟牙膏的作用的知晓率较低,分别为39.09%(172/440)、34.32%(151/440)、22.95%(101/440)。结论珠海市金湾区小学生六龄牙患龋率较高,家长对口腔健康知识的了解度较低,应通过相关口腔健康宣教提高家长对口腔健康知识的了解度,从而间接提高儿童口腔健康水平。

Objective To investigate the situation of dental caries of six-year-old teeth and their parents′ mastery oforal health knowledge in Jinwan District of Zhuhai City and to explore the effect of parents′ oral health awareness on the oralhealth of primary school students. Methods In March 2017,a total of 1 260 students were sampled from the grade 2-5 of 3 pri-mary schools in Jinwan District of Zhuhai City by adopting the cluster sampling method. The dental caries situation of six-year-old teeth was detected. Among them,the parents of 443 students were performed the oral health knowledge questionnaire inves-tigation by using the random method. A total of 440 valid questionnaires,effective rate was 99.32%. Results The dental cariesprevalence rate of six-year-old teeth was 26.67%（336/1 260）,among which boys accounted for 23.70%（159/671）and girls for30.05%（177/589）.The dental caries prevalence rate of six-year-old teeth had statistical difference only between male and fe-male age groups of 10- 11 year old（χ^2=6.17,P〈0.05）. The dental caries prevalence rates in the age groups of 8-9,9-10,10-11 and ≥11 years old were 22.60%（101/447）,21.84%（69/316）,28.21%（77/273）and 39.73%（89/224）respectively.The dental caries prevalence rates had statistically significant difference between the ≥11 years old age group with the 8-9 and 9-10 years old groups（χ^2=8.76,10.14,P〈0.05）.The parents had a certain understanding about the bad primary teethneeds treatment,the teeth are not born good or bad,and the oral health is very important to their own life,their awareness rateswere 74.77%（329/440）,88.64%（390/440）and 97.05%（427/440）respectively. But the awareness rates about what is the six-year-old teeth,what is the nest and fissure closed,role of pit and fissure sealing and effect of toothpaste with fluoride were39.09%（172/440）,34.32%（151/440）and 22.95%（101/440）respectively. Conclusion The dental caries rate of primaryschool students in Jinwan District of Zhuhai City is relatively high. The parents′ understanding on oral health knowledge is rela-tively low. The parents′ awareness of oral health knowledge should be improved by related oral propaganda and education,thusindirectly improving the oral health level of children.