基于公交IC卡与GPS数据的公交客流可视化分析

A visualization analysis of bus passenger flow based on IC card data and GPS data

公交客流特征与规律是公交高效运营与服务提升的主要研究内容,也是城市公交线网规划的重要决策依据。随着城市人口的增长及公交出行需求的增加,产生海量多元的公交IC卡刷卡数据。为实现对公交客流特征与规律的全方位精准分析,并优化展示分析结果,运用海量IC卡刷卡数据,结合公交车辆GPS数据,建立数据之间的关联,消除信息孤岛,对公交客流建立多维度数学分析模型。从客流OD、断面客流、候车时长、客流堆积等方面分析公交客流特征与规律,并将结果可视化,开发出客流可视化分析应用系统,能够为公交运营调度、线网规划提供科学的决策依据。在构建的客流分析系统中导入厦门BRT的实际刷卡数据,运行结果表明,该系统能够准确统计BRT的客流量,并分析客流特征与出行规律。

The characteristics and laws of bus passenger flow are important research topics on efficient bus operation and service improvement as well as the most significant decision making basis for urban public traffic network planning. With the growth of urban population and the demand for bus travel increasing, enormous bus IC card data have been produced. In order to analyze precisely the characteristics and rules of bus passenger flow and make the results displayed friendly, this paper applies a large number of IC card data, with vehicle GPS data to establish associations between data and eliminate information islands. This paper also establishes a multidimensional mathematical analysis model for bus passenger flow and visualize the results. It is analyzed from the aspects of passenger flow OD, passenger flow, waiting time and passenger flow accumulation, thus developing a visual analysis of application system for passenger flow. This system can provide a scientific decision making basis for bus operation scheduling and line network planning. This system has been tried out in Xiamen traffic bureau with the Xiamen BRT IC card data imported. The trial result shows that this system can calculate accurately the passenger flow rate of BRT and analyze the characteristics and laws of passenger flow.