重估《长杨赋》的创新意义及其赋史地位

Re-evaluate on the Innovative Significance and the Development Status of Changyangfu

《长杨赋》是扬雄后期辞赋的代表作,不同于早期《甘泉赋》《河东赋》《羽猎赋》对司马相如等人的因循模拟,《长杨赋》体现出重要的突破和创新,即摆脱了"曲终奏雅""夸饰讽谏"的大赋传统模式,创造了"主旨先行"和"祖述道德"的全新大赋书写方式,使"颂圣赋德"成为汉大赋新的铺陈对象和表现手法。传统赋史观将扬雄归入西汉后期因循模拟类的赋家,并没有揭示出其创作《长杨赋》的创新意义。扬雄在对汉赋"曲终奏雅"模式产生"不免于劝""壮夫不为"的失望的同时,在创作中也积极改进,以自己超凡的才华为汉赋发展探索出了一条新路。"主旨先行"和"祖述道德"模式对班固《两都赋》、张衡《二京赋》、左思《三都赋》均产生了重要影响。从整个辞赋发展史来看,赋体从"通讽喻"的主流写法最终过渡到"宣上德"的主流格局,扬雄的《长杨赋》无疑是一个具有标志性的开端。

Changyangfu shows Yang Xiong’s has a great transformation and innovation at his late stage of composing. Unlike the early Ganquan Fu, Hedong Fu and Yulie Fu, ChangyangFu extricate itself from Sima Xiangru and other eatly writers and reflects an important breakthrough and innovation. the new model of Fu-writing can be named of “the theme first” and “appeal to morality”, which made the “Proclaim the virtues of the upper”became the mainstream approach. The traditional view of historical of Fu put Yang Xiong a writer carry old style in the late Western Han Dynasty and did not reveal ChangyangFu’s Innovative meaning and value. Yang Xiong was disappointed in the old mode of“back to proper at the end”and with his extraordinary talent, he had explored a new model for the development of Han Fu. The model of“the theme first”and“appeal to morality”gave Ban Gu, Zhang Heng and Zuo Si an important impact. Seen in the whole process of the development of Fu history, the mainstream witting model changes from“Satirize and admonish the upper”to“Proclaim the virtues of the upper”, ChangyangFu is no doubt a milestone and an important beginning.