高级汉语水平留学生汉字认读影响因素研究

Predictors of Chinese character reading:Evidence from proficient L2 learners

汉字的学习和掌握是留学生汉语学习的核心和难点,本研究旨在探讨影响汉字认读的客体因素,以期为留学生汉字教学提供参考。采用相关和回归分析方法,本研究考察了35名高级汉语水平留学生对1200个常用汉字的即时认读情况及其主要影响因素。结果表明,汉字使用频率是留学生汉字认读任务最重要的影响因素,语义具体性、读音规则性和构词能力,也对汉字认读有显著预测作用,但汉字基本视觉属性,包括笔画数和部件数未能表现出显著影响。文章还比较了留学生与汉语母语者在汉字认读影响因素上的异同。最后简单讨论了留学生汉字教学中需关注的几个方面。

The study of Chinese characters is the core and difficulty of Chinese learning for foreign students. The purpose of the present study is to explore the relative importance of factors affecting Chinese character naming, so as to provide some reference for the teaching arrangement of Chinese characters for foreign students. Thirty-five foreign students were asked to read aloud 1,200 commonly used Chinese single-character words presented in the computer screen. Multiple regression analyses were used to explore the importance of variables that affect L2 word reading speed and accuracy, with the predicting variables including word frequency, phonetic-regularity, semantic concreteness, number of word formations （NWF）, and two visual features-number of strokes （NS） and number of components （NC）. These data suggested that word frequency was the most important factor for proficient foreign language learners. Similar to Chinese native speakers, semantic concreteness and phonetic-regularity also had significant influence on Chinese L2 word rea- ding, but the visual feature variables didn＇t have significant role. The application for Chinese L2 teaching and learning was discussed briefly.