复活的传统:台湾撒奇莱雅族火神祭的“发明”与实践

A Resurgent Tradition: “Invention” and Practice of Sakizaya's Palamal in Taiwan

长久以来,"传统"常常被本质化为拥有某些固定特征的文化习俗——拥有独特的物质化表征,固化的展演形式,共享的行为规范或道德标准等,并视此为"传统"的"本真性"(authenticity)。撒奇莱雅族火神祭的创设过程及实践,显示出传统并非沿袭僵化的文化模板在运作,而是有其内在的演化逻辑。传统的"文化基因"犹如火种存在于社群的集体记忆中,具有生生不息的再生力。在日常实践中,文化主体可以发挥其能动性,在继承"文化基因"的基础上,重塑和再造传统的外在表现形式,而传统也在这种"改头换面"的实践过程中实现动态的传承与发展。

For a long time,traditional cultures have often been essentialized as customs with fixed features such as unique materialized representations,constant forms in performance,and shared behavioral norms or moral standards. Such features are regarded as cultural authenticity. The ＂creation＂and practice of Sakizaya＇ s plamal show that the practice of tradition does not necessarily follow a rigid cultural template,but has its own internal evolution logic. Traditional cultural gene exists in community＇ s collective memory just like fire capable of regeneration. In daily life,cultural holders can bring their subjective initiative into play.When inheriting cultural gene,they can also reconstruct its external manifestation at the same time,and the inheritance and development of tradition are often practiced in such a dynamic transforming process.