试析合意型被害人自陷风险的刑法归责

The Criminal Imputation Inconsensual-type Victim’s Self-involvement in Risk

在不法层面对被害人行为于行为人不法作用的角度,分析备受关注的事实类型合意型被害人自陷风险有重要意义。在对此命题的论证上,以个体拥有自我保护义务为立场的被害人自我负责原则和被害人信条学的论证显不具合理性;基于共犯从属性的论证也存在形式的缺陷和内容上的不足。自陷风险作为被害人自由的实现方式,是自主决定权作用的空间,其应承担实现自由附随的不利风险;为其自由的实现予以助力之行为,不应因被害人不愿风险现实化的主观意志而被评价为制造了侵害法益的不被容许的风险,刑法也不能以限制行为人自由的方式避免被害人因自由的实现而生的法益损害。被害人自陷风险排除行为人不法问题有其独立的适用条件。

When discuss the behavior of victim＇s effect on wrongdoing of perpetrator,we prefer to pay attention to the factual type of consensual-type victim＇s self-involvement. On the argument of this proposition, the principle of the victim＇s self-responsibility and the victimological approach which are based on the obligation of selfprotection are all not reasonable. The argument based on the accessory in accomplice liability exists shortcomings in form and defects in content. As a means of realization of the freedom of the victim,self-involvement is the space of the right of self-determination, the victim should bear the unfavorable risk in realizing the freedom. The act of assisting the realization of its freedom should not be considered as a forbidden risk that makes infringement on victim＇s legal interest, according to the victim＇s unwillingness of the reality of risk. Criminal law can not also limit the freedom of the perpetrator to avoid the damage of legal benefits among the process of realization of victim＇s freedom.