教育收益率差异对吉林省城乡居民收入的影响

The Influence of the Difference of Returns to Education on the Income of Urban and Rural Residents in Jilin Province

利用两阶段最小二乘估计和分位数回归方法分析教育数量和质量的收益率对吉林省城乡居民收入的影响。结果表明,吉林省城乡教育数量和质量的收益率具有显著差异,城镇居民教育收益率均高于农村居民的教育收益率;教育数量或者教育质量的提高均能够促进吉林省城乡居民的收入水平,教育数量可以通过教育质量的改善提高其投资回报率。教育数量和质量交互项对城乡中低收入群体的收入均具有显著的正向影响,教育数量和教育质量的提高起到了缩小城乡各收入阶层之间的收入差距的作用。因此,应从确立城乡教育公平的价值理念、加大对农村地区的教育投入、积极探索提高教育质量的有效途径等方面采取有效的政策措施。

The methods of two stage least square and quantile regression are applied in this paper to analyze the impact of returns to educational quantity and quality on the income of urban and rural residents in Jilin Province. The result shows that there is a significant difference in the returns to urban and rural education in Jilin Province. The returns to urban residents＇ education are higher than that of rural residents. The increase of education quan- tity or education quality can both promote the income level of urban and rural residents in Jilin Province. The ed- ucation quantity can improve its returns to investment by improving the quality of education. The interaction be- tween the quantity and quality of education has a significantly positive impact on the income of urban and rural low and middle income groups. The improvement of education quantity and education quality has played a impor- tant role in narrowing the income gap between urban and rural income groups. Therefore, effective policy meas- ures should be taken in terms of establishing the value concept of urban and rural education equity, increasing investment in education in rural areas, and actively exploring effective ways to improve education quality.