长江经济带工业水资源效率的时空分异及动态演进

Spatial and Temporal Disparities and Dynamic Evolution of Industrial Water Resources Efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

为提高长江经济带水资源利用效率,促进工业经济增长与水资源协同发展,将水环境污染作为非期望产出,首先基于SBM模型与GML生产率指数测算2005~2015年长江经济带11个省市与上、中、下游3大区域的工业水资源效率与工业水资源全要素生产率,并考察其时空异质性;进而根据工业水资源全要素生产率的分解结果,揭示出各省市工业水资源效率提升的驱动因素;最后,通过构建效率-生产率方阵综合分析各省市水污染防治的优势与不足。结果表明,考察期内,长江经济带工业水资源效率较低,地区差异显著,下游明显优于中上游;技术效率变化和技术进步对全要素生产率提升的影响是负向的,且技术进步是主要障碍;各省市工业水资源绩效呈现"马太效应"特征,落后省市与先进省市之间的差距将拉大。研究成果可为长江经济带发展决策提供参考。

In order to improve the utilization efficiency of water resources in the Yangtze River economic belt, promote the coordinated development of industrial economic growth and water resources, the water environment pollution is regarded as an undesirable output. This paper firstly calculates industrial water resources efficiency and industrial water resources total-factor productivity of 11 provinces and 3 major areas from the Yangtze River Economic Zone during the period of 2005-2015 using SBM model and GML productivity index, on the basis of which the spatial and temporal disparities of industrial water resources efficiency and industrial water resources total-factor productivity are investigated. Then, the drivers of each province＇s industrial water resources efficiency is analyzed according to the decomposition of industrial water resources total-factor productivity. Finally, the matrix of efficiency-productivity is built to investigate the advantage and disadvantage for water pollution abatement of each province. The results show that industrial water resources efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Belt is relatively low, regional difference is significant and the downstream are obviously superior to the midstream and upstream. Technology efficiency changes and technological progress are negative to total-factor productivity promotion and the latter is the main obstacle. There exists ＂the Matthew Effect＂ in various provinces industrial water resource performance, showing that the performance gap between undeveloped provinces and developed provinces is widening. The research results can provide reference for the development decision of the Yangtze River economic belt.