守法义务与特殊性

The Duty of Obedience and Particularity

特殊性要求是约束守法义务理论证明的诸多要求之一。如何说明守法义务这一一般性道德义务的效力仅要求一国居民服从其自己合法国家的法律这一具有特殊性的现象,是守法义务理论需要在论证中展现的特性。以西蒙斯为代表的守法义务怀疑者在构建特殊性要求时并未提出清楚的界定,并且其仅有的界定有夸大这一要求效力的嫌疑。弱化特殊性要求对于守法义务理论的限制可以通过三个层面的否定而展开:第一,特殊性要求并不是特殊针对守法义务的要求;第二,特殊性要求对于守法义务的证成并不存在规范性的约束力;第三,特殊性要求的达成并没有西蒙斯所声称的特定程式或要求。

The requirement of particularity binds on the justification for political obligation,because particularity is a feature that should be accommodated in anyplausible theory of political obligation. It is a requirement to demonstrate that a person only has the moral obligation to obey the law of his or her own legitimate state. However,skeptics of political obligation,especially A. John Simmons,tend to exaggerate the force of the requirement without offering a clear definition. To undermine the requirement,three stages of arguments can be employed： First,the particularity requirement is not particular to political obligation; second,it does not have any normative impact on the justification; third,there is no definite pattern to fulfill the requirement as what Simmons maintains.