忠实还是自由?理性还是非理性:译者的伦理选择——罗宾逊与切斯特曼翻译伦理思想比较

罗宾逊和切斯特曼在论述翻译伦理时均采用了译者视角,突出了译者在翻译行为中的交际对话伦理。但不同的是,罗宾逊充分肯定译者的主观能动性,强调译者的自由和显性作用,从而提高了译者的地位;而切斯特曼的伦理模式更突出译者＂忠实＂的规范,在一定程度上限制了译者的自由和个性表达,实际上削弱了译者的地位。此外,切斯特曼在肯定译者具有交流会话作用的同时,强调译者在翻译行为中应遵循一定的限制和规范,因此是以译者的理性行为为基础对译者的伦理道德提出了要求;而罗宾逊不仅认可译者的理性行为,更突出强调译者的非理性行为同样不可或缺。

In terms of translation ethics, both Douglas Robinson and Andrew Chesterman start from the perspective of translators, and emphasize translators＇ ethics of communication. However, Robinson puts more emphasis on translators＇ activeness and freedom, and acknowledges their great importance in translation activities, thus raising their status. In contrast, Chesterman＇s models give more attention to ＂translators＇ fidelity＂, thus constraining the free expression of translators＇ personalities and comparatively lowering their status. In addition, Chesterman＇s theory, with focus on the translation norms and regulations, actually puts requirements on translators based on the communicative rationality. On the contrary, Robinson not only recognizes translators＇ rational actions but also realizes that their irrational actions are indisoensable.