教师主导性与学生主体性无抵牾的学理分析

A Theoretical Analysis of Noncontradiction Between Teacher's Leading Role and Student's Subjectivity

学校体育基础教育改革至今,教师的主导性与学生的主体性之间的关系问题,始终是一个被热议的问题,至今仍然没有形成一个科学、合理的结论。研究采用文献法,对影响我国近现代学校教育、学校体育的美国实用主义教育、进步主义教育、人本主义教育的"学生中心说",要素主义教育的"教师中心说"、结构主义教育的"学科中心说",在教师与学生关系定位方面的尖锐对立进行了梳理与分析,从学理方面解释了两者之间非抵牾性的关系和各自的含义。研究认为,从教学论对教育、教学目标、内容、方法等的预成性和生成性理论阐释,以及体育教学的特殊性对于体育教师的特殊要求来看,教师主导性与学生主体性彼此融合,相互促进并能够得以充分发挥形成共振,才能够真正提高教学质量,充分实现体育教学的价值。将教和学割裂开来与对立起来,提出谁比谁更重要和以谁为主都是不科学、不可取的;教师主导性与学生主体性不仅不是一对矛盾体,而且是互相统一、又互相促进的无抵牾关系。要处理好这一关系,教师必须做到坚持"全面发展"的原则,做到心中有"教育";坚持"实事求是"的原则,做到心中有"学情";坚持以人为本的原则,做到心中有"学生"。

Since the reform of the basic education of physical education in school,the relationship between the teacher＇s leading role and the student＇s subjectivity has always been a hot issue. So far,there is still no scientific and reasonable conclusion. This study combed and analyzed the sharp opposite position of teachers and students in American pragmatism education,progressive education,humanism education ＂student center theory＂,＂teacher center theory＂of essential education,and the ＂subject center theory＂of Structuralism Education that affected Chinese modern school education and school physical education,and explained the noncontradiction between teacher＇s leading role and student＇s subjectivity and their respective meanings from the academic point of view. The method of literature review was used in this study. The study concluded that： From the pre forming and generative theory of teaching theory to education,teaching objectives,contents and methods,and the special requirements of physical education to the special requirements of teachers,the combination of teacher dominance and students＇ subjectivity,mutual promotion and the full play of the resonance can improve the teaching quality and realize the value of physical education. It is unscientific and undesirable to separate teaching from learning and to oppose it;teacher＇s leading role and student＇s subjectivity are not a pair of contradictions,but a unity and mutual promotion relationship. In order to deal with this relationship,teachers must adhere to the principle of ＂all-round development＂,have＂education＂in his heart; adhere to the principle of seeking truth from facts,and have＂learning＂in his heart; adhere to the principle of ＂people-oriented＂,and have the ＂student＂in his heart.