被“窄化”的教育扶贫——黎族织锦专业发展的问题与反思

“Narrowed” Poverty Alleviation through Education——Problems and Introspection of Specialty Development of Brocade of Li Ethnic Group

黎锦传承的危机和国家对农村职业教育的重视共同促成了黎锦专业的开办。本文基于对黎锦专业的个案研究,从"教育扶贫"的角度对黎锦专业兴起的原因、存在的问题以及破解问题的思路进行了研究与探讨。研究发现,从主要招收黎族妇女、注重技能传承和促进黎族妇女增收等方面,黎锦专业可被视为一种教育扶贫模式。然而,单纯的技能扶贫割裂了技术与市场、增收与文化意识培养之间的关系,从而使得黎锦专业陷入了扶贫思维窄化的尴尬局面。作为扶贫模式的黎锦专业要走出技能扶贫的狭窄思路,必须着力培养学生面向市场的文化自觉意识,实现技术与市场、增收与文化意识培养的统一。

The crisis of the inheritance of Li brocade and the importance attached to rural vocational education by the state led to the setting up of the specialty of Li brocade. Taking it as a case,this paper makes a study of its cause of establishment,existing problems and solution to the problems from the perspective of poverty alleviation through education. The results show that in terms of enrolling Li women,paying attention to skill inheritance and increasing income of Li women,this specialty can be regarded as a model of educational poverty alleviation. However,pure poverty alleviation through skill splits the relationship between skill and market as well as between income increase and cultural sense cultivation,leading to an embarrassing situation of narrowed thinking of poverty alleviation of the specialty. In order to get rid of the narrowed thinking,as a model of poverty alleviation,the specialty should be aimed at cultivating students＇ market-oriented cultural consciousness so as to realize the unification of skill and market,income increase and cultivation of cultural consciousness.