新中国少数民族教科书编审政策的演变、问题及展望

The History,Problems and Prospect of Editorial Policies for Ethnic Minority Textbooks in New China

少数民族教科书编审政策在新中国成立初期确立了全新的政策目标,在将近70年的发展过程中通过不断充实政策内容、完善政策结构,逐步形成与中华民族多元一体格局相契合的政策体系。一方面,这一日趋完善的政策体系在促进政治认同、构建中华文化为核心的多元文化体系中发挥了至关重要的作用;但另一方面,由于缺乏针对少数民族群体内部差异制定细分的编写政策,并复制了普通教科书的审定原则,使少数民族教科书的审定标准较为宽泛和模糊,也没有完全形成较为多样化的编写局面。在广泛调研的基础上,需要依照民族地区语言使用现状及未来社会、个体发展需求,进一步在国家宏观层面明确为书面语言文本的少数民族教科书规划具有区分度的编审政策,并分类指导建立符合构建核心文化体系及少数民族文化特点的地方民族教科书编审政策。

The editorial policy for ethnic minority textbooks set up new goals in the early years of New China. In the course of nearly 70 years＇ development,by means of enriching content and perfecting structure,a policy system has been gradually established aligned with pluralistic and unified national pattern. This policy system plays an important role in unifying the country,promoting national identity and constructing a multi cultural system. However,because of lacking compiling policies for internal differences of ethnic groups and following the authorizing principle of general textbooks,the authorizing standard of ethnic textbooks is rather wide and vague,without diversity in compilation. Therefore,based on investigation and study,an editorial policy system fully embodying diversity and particularity at the national macro level should be designed according to language use and the social and individual needs for future development in ethnic areas; and the local editorial policy for ethnic textbooks should be constructed in accordance with the core cultural system and the characteristics of ethnic culture.