民族地区义务教育学生学校生活质量的现状与影响因素——基于甘肃、新疆的调查

A Study of School Life Quality of Compulsory Education Students in Ethnic Regions and the Influencing Factors——Based on a Survey in Gansu and Xinjiang

通过对甘肃和新疆两民族地区的2264名义务教育学生的调查发现,学生的学校生活质量总体上正向积极但仍亟待提高;学生对同伴关系、师生关系、校园安全和物质条件的评价较高,但对学校管理、成就感、教学与课业学习和平等参与的评价较低;学生的性别、学段、年级、民族背景对学校生活质量有显著影响。不同民族学生不同的心理与文化特征、监控型的学生管理模式、过重的课业负担与考试评价压力、寄宿生生活条件的不足、小学生青春期的提前与准备不充分等是影响学生学校生活质量的主要因素。为此,对男生、初中生、小学五年级学生的成长需要加强关注,对不同民族学生依据其心理与文化特征差别对待,推行人本民主型的学生治理模式,减轻学生的课业负担与考试压力,进一步改善寄宿生生活条件,并将青春期教育提前到小学五年级之前。

A survey of 2264 compulsory education students in ethnic regions of Gansu and Xinjiang shows that,on the whole,their school life quality is positive but should be improved urgently; students have rather high evaluations on peer relation,teacher-student relation,campus safety and material conditions; while their evaluations on school management, sense of achievement, teaching, course study, equality and participation are rather low. Students ＇ gender, learning period, grade and ethnic background have a significant influence on school life quality. The major factors influencing their school life quality include different psychological and cultural characteristics of students from different ethnic groups,monitoring model of student management,heavy school work burden and test evaluation pressure,insufficient living conditions for boarding students,as well as early puberty and inadequate preparation of primary pupils. Therefore,schools should pay more attention to the growth needs of boys,middle school students and primary school pupils of grade 5,treat ethnic students according to their psychological and cultural characteristics,carry out studentoriented democratic management,reduce their overburden of class and test pressure,improve living conditions for boarding students and conduct adolescence education for pupils before 5 grade at primary school.