海洋发展战略背景下我国海上犯罪体系的反思与重构

The Reflection And Restructuring of System of Maritime Crimes in Chinaunder Background of Constructing Marine Power Strategy

在海洋发展战略背景下,海上犯罪的数量迅速增长、分布的海洋产业和海域越来越多。我国现行海上犯罪体系只运行于＂我国领域＂而不能运行于领海外国家管辖海域,制约了海上犯罪特殊罪名的适用,对国内很多海上犯罪和涉海国际条约所规定的犯罪只能适用一般罪名。这些反映了＂适度保护＂理念,对有些海上犯罪适用一般罪名定罪不当,也使已构成犯罪的海上违法行为无法得到刑法规制。重构我国海上犯罪体系的具体路径：保护理念应更新为＂同等保护＂;增设特殊罪名以扩大刑法特殊保护范围;在刑法总则增加在领海外国家管辖海域内实施的犯罪适用刑法的规定,将《刑法》第6条第2款改为＂旗国管辖原则＂;在刑法分则将增设的特殊罪名设置一章＂妨害海洋管理秩序罪＂。

Under background of implementing of marine development strategy, the number, distributing sea area of maritime crime become more and more. China＇s current maritime crime system runs only in the ＂domain of our country＂ and not in the sea domain of state administering to outside of territorial sea, which has restrictsed the application to special accusation of maritime crimes. In Judicial practice, the general accusation of maritime crime have been applied in many domestic maritime crimes and the crime stipulated in sea related international treaties. The all reflect the idea of ＂moderate protection＂. The general accusation can＇ t be properly applied. The illegal behavior of having accorded with conditions of a crime can not be regulated by the criminal law. Tthere are three routes of reconstruction our maritime crime system, firstly ,the idea of ＂moderate protection＂ should be updated to the one of ＂equal protection＂. Secondly, special accusation should be added to expand the special protection scope. Thirdly, the content should be added to the general provisions of the criminal law, which the criminal law should be applied in the crime accomlished in the sea domain of state administering to outside of territorial sea. The second paragraph of article sixth of the criminal law should be modified into ＂the princilpe of ruled by a state flag＂. The special accusation, as ＂the crimes of obstructing ocean management order＂, should be regulated as a independent chapter in the special provisions of the criminal law.