群体越轨行为释因理路——基于“问题村”形成机制之实证调查

The Approach of Interpretation on Group-deviant Behavior-an empirical investigation of the Formation Mechanism of“deviant village”

以广东省博社村、江西省团林村等＂问题村＂为实证分析对象,发现其形成路径为越轨肇始者的首次涉足→早期越轨追随者的零星出现→后期越轨追随者的大量涌入三个阶段。越轨肇始者的前期铺路为早期越轨追随者的越轨行为提供了便利。而特殊的宗族文化关系网,村干部和公务人员无法守住一方净土,亚文化挤压主流文化的＂发言权＂,以及法不责众的群体心理,是村民犹如被＂魔力＂拉进越轨泥潭的多元因素。越轨原因静态解释进路忽视了＂问题村＂等群体越轨行为形成机制的渐进性、阶段性、交互性和复杂性,原因剖析缺乏全面性和具体性,防控措施缺乏预防性和针对性,职是之故,有必要构建越轨原因动态解释进路,通过对越轨过程划分阶段,寻找各阶段的个性和联系。越轨原因动态解释进路实际上是对唯物辩证思维的贯彻,因此,唯物辩证法可以为分析群体越轨行为提供思维指导：运用质量互变规律划分越轨现象的阶段;运用普遍联系观寻找前后阶段间的关系;运用矛盾特殊性原理分析各阶段的特性。

Taking the＂ deviant village＂ of Boshe village and Tuanlin village and so on as the empirical analysis object, the path it occurred can be divided into three phases：the first involvement of deviant initiator- the sporadic emergence of early followers- the influx of late followers. Deviant initiator＇ s early efforts have paved way for the early deviant followers＇ deviant behavior. There are various reasons why more and more villagers are involved in the deviance mire：the special network of clan culture, the village cadres＇ and civil servants＇ failure to control the entire situation, the extrusion of thought that the their diffusion village culture to mainstream culture, and the villagers＇ law cannot be enforced when everyone is an offender, and of responsibility. Ignoring the gradualness, phase, interactivity and complexity of formation mechanism for deviant group such as＂deviant village＂, the approach of static interpretation on deviant cause cannot analyze cause comprehensively and concretely, which makes prevention and control measures lack of preventability and pertinence. Therefore, it is necessary to divide the process of deviant into phases, look for links and personality between different phases. Materialist dialectics can provide the cause of deviant groups with guidance of scientific thinking. For instance, we can use the law of mutual change between quality and quantity to divide the phase of deviant phenomenon; use the view of universal relation to find the relation between the pre and the post phase, and use the principle of contradiction particularity to analyze the characteristics of each stage.