跨国公司逆向创新过程中的创新障碍与破解能力组合研究

Research on Innovation Barriers and Breaking Ability Combination of Multinationals' Reverse Innovation

以通用医疗集团和德国西门子股份公司为案例,采用扎根分析方法,归纳了领先跨国公司在逆向创新过程中所面临的合作障碍,总结了相对应的障碍破解的能力组合。研究发现:逆向创新过程中的障碍因素有其演化规律,即障碍因素的制约强度趋向提高、障碍因素涉及的创新主体趋向增多、障碍因素涉及的创新链条环节更长和障碍因素从有型资源壁垒趋向无形资源壁垒;跨国公司在各个阶段破解障碍有多种能力组合,包括母合能力、市场感知能力、微创新组合能力、资源集成能力、风险管控能力和满足产业规制能力等。

Taking＂GE＂and＂SIEMENS＂as cases,this paper adopts grounded analysis method,investigates the cooperation barriers in the process of reverse innovation faced by the leading multinationals,and summarizes the ability combinations for breaking barriers.Some significant results are found as follows：Firstly,it reveals the evolution law of barriers factors in the process of reverse innovation,namely,the increase of constraint intensity,the grow of innovation subjects,the longer of innovation chain link,and the change from visible resources to invisible resources.Secondly,it summarizes the ability combinations of the leading multinationals for breaking barriers in each stage,which includes parent ability,market perception ability,micro-innovation ability,resource integration ability,risk control ability and ability to meet industrial regulations and so on.