半干旱区玉米-大豆轮作对土壤物理性质和化学性质的影响

Effects of Maize Soybean Rotation on Physical and Chemical Properties of Soil in Semi-arid Area

为推广半干旱区节水高产高效栽培技术,开展了春玉米连作和春玉米-大豆轮作处理对比研究,明确半干旱区玉米-大豆轮作对土壤物理性质和化学性质的影响。结果表明:春玉米-大豆轮作处理土壤固相比例在0~10、20~30、30~40cm土层分别比春玉米连作处理低5.28%、25.59%和10.26%,液相比例也有呈增加趋势,土壤气相比例在20~30cm土层提高16.52%。春玉米-大豆轮作处理土壤孔隙度在表层土壤较春玉米连作处理也有增加趋势,0~20cm土层增加幅度为7.01%~8.68%。与春玉米连作处理,春玉米-大豆轮作处理土壤容重在表层0~20cm土层下降了0.10~0.13g·cm^(-3);春玉米-大豆轮作处理pH也略有降低,但幅度不明显。春玉米连作和春玉米-大豆轮作处理在不同土层土壤有效磷差异不显著;不同种植模式土壤速效钾的表层0~20cm含量高于20~50cm含量;而在0~10cm,春玉米-大豆轮作处理的碱解氮含量比春玉米连作高21.68%。轮作处理为大豆产量2 881kg·hm^(-2),玉米连作处理为8 373kg·hm^(-2),按照大豆价格3.2元·kg^(-1),玉米价格1.4元·kg^(-1)计算,大豆收入为9 219.2元·hm^(-2),玉米收入为11 722.2元·hm^(-2),轮作处理的收入比连作处理在种植大豆年少收入2 503元·hm^(-2)。

In order to popularize the water-saving and high-efficiency cultivation technologyin semi-arid areas,clarify the effects of corn-soybean rotation on the physical and chemical properties of soil in the semi-arid region,the comparison of spring maize continuous cropping and spring corn-soybean rotation treatment was carried out in this paper.The results showed that the proportion of soil solid phase in 0-10,20-30 and 30-40 cm soil layer under spring maize-soybean rotation was 5.28%,25.5% and 10.26% lower than that under spring corn continuous cropping,respectively.The proportion of liquid phase also increased,and the proportion of soil gas phase increased by 16.52% in 20-30 cm soil layer.The soil porosity of spring maize soybean rotation increased in surface soil than that in continuous cropping of spring maize.The increase of 0-20 cm soil layer was 7.01%-8.68%.With the continuous cropping of spring corn,the soil bulk density in the soil of spring maize and soybean rotation decreased by 0.10-0.13 g ·cm^-3 in the surface 0-20 cm soil layer,and the spring maize soybean rotation treatment pH also decreased slightly,but the amplitude was not obvious.There was no significant difference in soil available phosphorus between spring maize continuous cropping and spring maize-soybean rotation in different soil layers; the surface 0-20 cm content of soil available potassium in different planting patterns was higher than that of 20-50 cm,while in 0-10 cm,the content of alkali hydrolysable nitrogen in spring maize and soybean rotation was 21.68% higher than that of spring maize.The rotation treatment for soybean yield 2 881 kg ·hm^-2 ,corn continuous cropping treatment was 8 373 kg ·hm^-2 ,according to the soybean price 3.2 yuan ·kg^ -1 ,the corn price 1.4 yuan ·kg^ -1 calculation,the soybean income was 9 219.2 yuan ·hm^-2 ,the corn income was 11 722.2 yuan ·hm^-2 ,the rotation processing income was 2 503 yuan ·hm^-2 in the planting soybean year less than the continuous cropping treatment.