不同时期葡萄各器官碳氮分配差异

Distribution of carbon and nitrogen nutrition in grapevine organs at different development stage

以7年生‘赤霞珠’葡萄为试材,运用^(13)C和^(15)N标记技术,标记果实膨大期、转色期和成熟期新梢上部叶片,研究碳氮营养吸收分配规律。结果表明,随着果实的不断成熟,葡萄新梢上部叶片固定的光合产物向自身新梢的供应量逐渐增大,果实的分配率以转色期最高。葡萄新梢上部叶片吸收的氮素营养供应自身新梢的比率以成熟期最高,膨大期次之,转色期最低,果实的分配率大小顺序与之一致。研究标记物运转速率表明,标记3 d后和标记9 d后上部叶片自留的碳营养基本一致,均有30%左右,剩下的向其他器官转运。标记9d的新梢向其果实和细根的分配率高于标记3d的,是其1.65倍和13.64倍,而向主干的分配率降至标记3d的51.37%。说明在果实转色期,随着标记时间的延长,葡萄上部叶片固定的碳营养经主干继续向果实和细根这两个重要的库分配。

Seven-year old ＇Cabernet Sauvignon＇ were used as materials. The upper leaves labeled with 13C and 15N at fruit expanding, veraison and maturation stage were to study the absorption and distribution pattern. The results showed that, the retained photosynthetic product in their own shoot increased gradually during fruit maturation, the distribution rate in fruit reached the peak value at veraison stage. Nitrogen was kept in their own shoot reached peak value at the maturation stage, followed by the fruit expanding stage, and the distribution rate in fruit at the veraison stage was the lowest, the distribution rate of fruit was similar with that of leaves. Along with the increase of the labeling treatment time, the retained photosynthetic product in upper leaves was similar, about 30%. The distribution rate of photosynthetic product in fruit and root increased, compared with 3 days after labeling, distribution rate in fruit and root after 9 days labeling increased 1.65 and 13.64 times, while the distribution rate in trunk decreased 51.37%, which indicated that the photosynthetic product absorbed by upper leaves mostly flowed to fruit and root at veraison stage.