吐鲁番地区‘火焰无核’葡萄顺架龙干式栽培示范及效益分析

Inclined trunk with same row direction cultivation demonstration and benefit analysis of 'Flame Seedless' grapevine in Turpan region

以吐鲁番地区‘火焰无核’葡萄品种为试材,介绍了将传统棚架改造成顺架龙干式树形的树体构建、树体管理、花果管理、水肥管理和病虫害防治的方法和特点,并将两种树形栽培的‘火焰无核’葡萄果实品质及经济效益进行对比。结果表明:采用顺架龙干式栽培较传统龙干形小棚架栽培果实成熟期提前10~15 d,且果实成熟一致,果实品质、商品率明显提高,病虫害发生明显减轻,每667 m2经济效益较传统龙干形小棚架栽培提高了33.67%。因此,顺架龙干式树形适于‘火焰无核’葡萄的栽培,可为吐鲁番地区鲜食葡萄标准化、优质高效栽培提供示范及参考。

The Vitis vinifera L. cv. ＇Flame Seedless＇ was used as materials. Methods and features of canopy building, such as tree training, flower and berry shaping, water and fertilizer management and disease and pest control about that modified from traditional dragon trunk shape to inclined dragon trunk shape were introduced. The effects of two shaping on berry quality and economic benefit in ＇Flame Seedless＇ grapevine in Turpan were contrasted. The results showed that the date of berry maturity using inclined dragon trunk shaping cultivation was about 10-15 d earlier than traditional dragon trunk cultivation, and berry＇s color and size were unifed, the ratio of commodity berry improved signifcantly, the incidence of diseases and pests reduced signifcantly, economic benefts per 667 m2 increased 33.67%. Therefore, the inclined dragon trunk shaping cultivation was suitable for ＇Flame Seedless＇ grapevine, and that could provide demonstration and reference for the standardization and high quality and high efciency cultivation of table grapes in the Turpan region.