银川市东郊设施蔬菜基地土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯污染特征及健康风险评价

Pollution characteristics of phthalate esters(PAEs) in soils of facility vegetable bases and health risk assessment in eastern suburb of Yinchuan

在宁夏银川市东郊设施蔬菜基地共采集49个表层土样,采用气相色谱质谱联用检测方法,分析了土壤中16种邻苯二甲酸酯(Phthalate esters,PAEs)化合物含量,并对其污染分布、污染特征进行了评价,同时对美国EPA和欧盟优先控制的6种PAEs进行了人体暴露的健康风险评价.结果表明,银川市东郊设施蔬菜基地土壤中16种邻苯二甲酸酯化合物(∑16PAEs)的含量范围为2.123~17.271 mg·kg^(-1),平均值和中位数分别为5.120和4.324 mg·kg^(-1).土样中DMP、DEP、Dn BP、DIBP和DEHP的检出率为100%.其中,DMP、Dn BP和DEHP是研究区土壤中PAEs污染物的主要组成部分,DMP、Dn BP和DEHP分别占∑16PAEs总量的46.03%、26.55%和10.32%,三者之和占∑16PAEs的82.79%,占美国EPA 6种优先控制污染物水平的86.16%.对人体健康风险评价表明,研究区6种优先控制化合物对人体产生的非致癌风险均<1,未超过EPA推荐的非致癌水平,表明非致癌风险在可接受范围之内.对于DEHP单体,居民通过饮食途径的致癌风险为(0.779±1.370)×10-5,超过EPA推荐的致癌水平,应引起一定的重视,而BBP和DEHP其它非饮食途径的致癌风险都在可接受范围,不会对人体健康产生危害.

Based on 49 surface soil samples collected from plastic film greenhouse in the eastern suburb of Yinchuan,the concentration of 16 phthalate esters（ PAEs） compounds in soil were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometer,and the pollution characteristic and pollution distribution were also evaluated. In addition,the potential health risk exposures to residents of six priority control phthalates by the United States Environmental Protection Agency（ US EPA） were assessed. Result shows that PAEs were detected in all the analyzed soil samples; total PAEs concentrations range from2.123 to 17.271 mg·kg^-1 in soils,with the average and median concentration being 5. 120 and 4. 324 mg·kg^-1 respectively. Among the sixteen PAEs congeners,Dimethyl phthalate（ DMP）,diethyl phthalate（ DEP）,di-n-butyl phthalate（ Dn BP）,diisobutyl phthalate（ DIBP）,di-（ 2-ethylhexyl）phthalate（ DEHP）,were detected in all soils samples and the detection rates of these compounds all are one hundred percent. DMP was the most abundant component,which accounted for an average 46.03% of the total PAEs,followed by Dn BP and DEHP,and the average contributed rate was 26.55% and10.32% respectively. The sum of DMP,Dn BP and DEHP accounted for 82. 79% and 86. 16% of the content of ∑16 PAEs and ∑6 PAEs. The human health risk assessment indicated that the non-carcinogenic risk of six priority control phthalates in this study was within an acceptable range with values less than 1. The carcinogenic risks to human health of DEHP via dietary route was（ 0.779±1.370） ×10-5,which was higher than the recommended value set by the US EPA,and should receive more attention. On the other hand,the carcinogenic risks to human health exposure to BBP and DEHP via non-dietary routes were within an acceptable range.