辽南汉代交通、城市地理初探

Basic analysis about the traffic and urban geography in Liaonan during Han dynasty

辽南交通在汉代已发展成熟。以石棚墓、青铜曲刃剑墓、贝墓为代表的考古学文化,为"并海道"辽东段(辽南)交通线的早期形成提供了实证,以平郭、汶、沓氏为代表的城市群的出现使该路段的交通进一步完善。然而,"辽泽"的存在与汉代渤海海侵的影响对该路段之通畅造成不利影响。利用洋流、季风等自然力与舵、风帆等航海技术而发展成熟的汉代渤海航线,实现了辽南与中原乃至朝鲜、日本等地的常态化交往,促进了不同区域间官方、民间的频繁联系与沿岸一系列港口的兴盛。辽南燕秦汉交通地理呈现出"︾"形的海陆并行面貌,对于中原与东北亚之间的政治联系、经贸往来发挥着重要作用。城市地理与交通地理之间关系密切。从对外交通以及自然环境、考古发现看,牧羊城应只具备"障城"性质,张店、陈屯、营城子等地设立"沓氏"县治的可能性要更大。

The traffic geography development of Liaonan during Han dynasty has grown riper.Some archaeology culture such as Stone shed,Curve-edged bronze daggers,Shell＇s tomb prove the traffic line of ＂Merge Hokkaido＂in Liaodong has already formed.Some urban agglomeration as represented by ＂Pingguo＂,＂Wen＂,＂Ta＂promoted this line day by day.But ＂Liaodong Marsh＂and ＂Transgression of sea＂causedan unfavorable influence to this line.Using ocean current and monsoon,as well as rudders and sweeps,Bohai sea lanes developed to maturation.These lines realized the contact between Liaonan and central plains area,what＇s more,it also promoted the normalization of interchange between Liaonan and ancient Korea and ancient Japan. It also encouraged interrelation among different areason the official or nongovernmental levels.What＇s more,it promoted the port develop in Huanghai sea lane and Bohai sea lane. The traffic geography in Liaonan during Yan-Qin-Han dynasties appeared＂︾＂figure,showing the parallel development of land traffic and sea traffic. This played an important role in political connection and economic and trade cooperation between central plain areas and Northeast Asia.The traffic geography have close relation with urban geography.In terms of external traffic,natural environment and archaeological discovery,＂Muyangcheng＂just posses ＂Fort＂character. Some areas like Zhangdian,Chentun,Yingchengzi would be more likely to set as the county administration center of ＂Tashi＂.