2010年北京城区气传真菌监测

Airborne fungi monitoring in urban area of Beijing in 2010

目的探索北京城区气传真菌孢子的种类、数量及飘散规律。方法采用重力沉降法于2010年1月1日至12月31日对北京城区进行全年不间断真菌曝片监测,采样地点为北京协和医院门诊楼4层楼顶,采样时间为每天8∶00,分析北京城区的优势气传真菌孢子及其月分布情况。结果北京城区全年均可收集到真菌孢子,2010年整年共收集到25 118粒/1 000 mm2。收集的真菌孢子共28种,绝大多数能鉴定到属,隶属于25属,两种仅能鉴定到目,能鉴定到种的仅有1个菌种。收集的气传真菌孢子中以链格孢属、枝孢属、假格孢属、附球菌属及黑粉目孢子含量较多,其中链格孢属孢子含量最高,占总量的66. 65%,为绝对优势气传真菌孢子。气传真菌孢子6-7月达到高峰,占全年含量的64. 24%; 8-10月次之,占全年含量的25. 10%。结论北京城区全年均可收集到气传真菌孢子,6-7月含量最高。主要气传真菌孢子为链格孢属、枝孢属、附球菌属及假格孢属,链格孢属为绝对优势气传真菌孢子。

Objective To investigate the classification, amount, and seasonal distribution of airborne fungi in urban area of Beijing. Methods Daily airborne fungi monitoring was performed by Gravitational Method using Ye s Sampler since January 1st to December 31st, 2010. The location of the sampler was on the proof of forth floor of Outpatient Department Building, Peking Union Medical College Hospital. The slide was changed daily at 8∶00 Am. The predominant airborne fungi spores and their seasonal distribution in urban area of Beijing were investigated. Results Fungi spores were collected all year around. 25 118 grains of fungi spores/1 000 mm 2 were collected. Twenty-eight kinds of fungi spores were identified. The fungi spores which were identifiable in the level of genus belonged to 25 genera, and only one kind of spore could be identified as a defined spices. The other two kinds of fungi spores were merely identifiable in the level of order. The predominant airborne fungi spores in urban area of Beijing were Alternaria, Cladosporium, Nimbya, Epicoccum, and Ustilaginales spores. The most abundant airborne fungi spores was Alternaria, accounting for as much as 66.65%. There was an only peak segment shown in mensal distribution curve of annual airborne fungi count, while peak value was seen in the period of June to July, which was followed by the period of August to October , accounting for as much as 64.24% and 25.10% of total annual airborne fungi count respectively. Conclusions Fungi spores are collected all year around in urban area of Beijing. There is an only peak segment shown in mensal distribution curve of annual airborne fungi count, while peak value was seen in the period of June to July . The most abundant airborne fungi spore is Alternaria. There are another 4 kinds of common and abundant airborne fungi spores besides Alternaria. There are Cladosporium, Nimbya, Epicoccum, and Ustilaginales spores.