科技型小微企业绩效提升的跨层次传导机制——基于大别山地区的多案例研究

Over-levels Transmitting Mechanism of Promoting TSMEs' Performance: A Multi-cases Study within the Dabie Mountain District

科技型小微企业成长是一个具有高情境依赖的复杂动态过程。创业过程要素模型研究从不同侧面揭示了创业者与内外部环境的互动过程,但忽略了创业过程不同层面的嵌入性及内在逻辑关系。本研究尝试结合创业过程的不同层次,从先前经验、创业示范、集群化成长等多个视角探讨提升科技型小微企业绩效的跨层次传导机制,从而深入解剖特定情境下科技型小微企业的成长过程。本研究选取大别山地区的十几家典型科技型小微企业进行多案例分析后发现:在个体层面,先前经验作为相对静态的知识存量,是提升科技型小微企业绩效水平的原动力,通过影响创业承诺水平,最终影响创业绩效,即创业承诺具有中介效应;在组织层面,产业内龙头企业的创业示范与商业模式创新会对科技型小微企业绩效提升产生积极的传导作用;在产业层面,科技型小微企业偏好选择产业集群化成长模式,这种模式对科技型小微企业绩效提升具有显著的传导作用;在制度层面,科技型小微企业绩效在不同发展阶段受到政策的调节作用且呈现一定差异性。因此,本文的结论不仅丰富了创业特质理论、创业过程理论模型及企业成长理论研究,而且获得了具有针对性的政策启示。

The technological small and micro enterprises（TSMEs） are playing an irreplaceable role in solving regional employment, stimulating regional economic growth, accelerating scientific and technological innovation, and maintaining social stability. However, under the uncertain dynamic environment, most of TSMEs still face the problems of financing difficulties, shortage of innovative resources, rising operating costs, high pressure of survival and so on, and the sustainable development has been severely restricted. So far, scholars have basically followed the traditional research paradigm of the factors influencing the growth of enterprises. They are based on different internal and external factors to explore the role mechanism of these factors on TSMEs, which lack more systematic exploration and theoretical construction for the growth of TSMEs. Actually, the growth of TSMEs is a complex and dynamic process with high context-dependency. The researches on entrepreneurial process reveal the interaction process between the entrepreneur and the internal and external environment from different aspects, but neglect the embeddedness and internal logic relationship of different levels in the entrepreneurial process. Combine different levels of entrepreneurial process, this study attempts to explore the over-levels transmitting mechanism to promote the performance of TSMEs from the perspectives of prior experience, entrepreneurial demonstration, industrial clusters growth etc., so as to deeply analyze the growth process of TSMEs under the specific circumstances. It employs a multi-case analysis with a decade of TSMEs in the Dabie Mountain District and finds out： At the individual level, the prior experience as a relatively static knowledge, is the driving force to enhance the performance level of TSMEs, has an impact on the entrepreneurs＇ commitment and then on the performance, that is, the entrepreneurial commitment has the mediating effect; at the organizational level, the leading enterprises＇ entrepreneurial demonstration and business model innovation positively promote the performances of TSMEs; in the industry level, TSMEs prefer to choose industry cluster growth model that significantly promotes the performances of TSMEs; in the system or level, the performances of TSMEs are moderates by the policies in different stages of development and show some differences. Therefore, the conclusions of the paper help not only enrich the entrepreneurial characteristics theory, entrepreneurial process theory and enterprise growth theory, but also obtain the targeted political enlightenment.