科技小系统与国家大系统的政策差异研究

Research on policy difference between science & technology decision-making sub-system and national decision-making

通过对1949—2015年间全时段、全样本量的中国科技政策、科技规划和科技计划进行全数据政策文本分析，发现了一个未曾被揭示的经验现象：科技小系统与国家大系统在体现环境保护议题方面存在着直观和显著的政策差异，即1949—1976年科技小系统体现环境保护议题在知识的充分性上先领先于国家大系统，1977—1995年科技小系统体现环境保护议题在理念的强度上强于国家大系统。论文发现，中国科技政策系统首次安排环境保护议题与美英发达国家同步进行，并且中国科技政策决策系统体现环境保护议题并不是一般常识所认为的跟踪模仿的结果，而是来源于当时的一线生产活动。论文研究认为，科技小系统领先于国家大系统体现环境保护议题，主要有科技系统本身具备“亲自然”属性和科技系统的前沿知识追踪定位两个原因；科技小系统强于国家大系统体现环境保护议题，主要有科技系统在捕捉未来趋势性大问题上具有优势和科技系统向上传输的效率与效果欠佳两个原因。本文通过发现和检验上述经验现象，提出并验证了“在一定历史时期科技小系统较之国家大系统体现环境保护议题具有先导性”这一观点，试图为历史上中国科技政策与环境保护的关系提出一个新的命题，并试图为今后决策科学性研究提出一个新的视角，即“部门一中央”纵向结构性视角。

Environment protection issue has been a trans-displinary public policy issue on government agenda. However,research on why Science Technology decision-making sub-system and national decision-making system differs to include environment protection issues. Based on big data system analysis to 1949-2015 China＇s ST policies text,this paper discovers an un-revealed phenomenon that there is a sharp difference between the two systems mentioned above,namely ST decision-making sub-system is forward than national decision-making system in knowledge level from 1949-1976 and is stronger in mind level from 1977-1995. This paper analyzes that the former is reasoned that ST sub-system is of pro-nature character and is of frontier knowledge track location and the latter is reasoned that ST sub-system excels at capturing historical trendy big issues and efficiency and effectiveness of ST sub-system elates to nation decision-making system is not smooth. Based on that,the point of this paper is ST sub-system is a pilot sub-system to include environment protection issues in China＇s national decision-making system and believes ＂sub-system vs. center＂research perspective is a research perspective more fit in analyzing China＇s administration,governance and decision-making system than western perspectives. Meanwhile,based on data analysis,the policy difference between them has been shrinking,which means scientification of decision-making in China improves.