科技政策国际研究的演化

Evolution of international research on science and technology policy

以研究科学技术政策的国际权威期刊Research Policy于1974—2016年刊载的2855篇文献作为数据样本，运用科学知识图谱方法，获取国际科技政策研究成果的机构、国家、区域分布；通过高频主题词分析，确定国际科技政策研究的热点领域；通过检测词频变动趋势显著的主题词确定国际科技政策研究的前沿领域与发展趋势变化，分析科技政策国际研究的演变历程。研究表明，科技政策国际研究在过去42年间发生了明显的变化，主要体现为：研究范围由早期零星的“科技政策”相关探索发展到目前注重“科技政策学”的科学规范化研究，研究视角由国家层面的宏观研究向微观倾斜，研究热点由知识管理、国家创新系统等扩展到开放式创新、三螺旋创新、团队知识创造等多样化研究。同时发现，科技政策国际研究在早期主要受到纳尔逊国家创新系统理论和波特国家竞争优势理论的影响，而当前主要受到开放式创新理论、三重螺旋创新理论的影响。本文的研究为更加全面地了解科技政策国际研究的发展脉络和演化进程，把握该领域的知识基础、研究热点与发展方向提供了新的参考及依据。

Based on the perspective of scientific knowledge map,the 2855 literatures＇ bibliography published in Research Policy from1974 to 2016,which studied the science and technology policy,were used as data samples to obtain the institutional,national and regional distribution of the international scientific and technological policy research. Through the analysis of high-frequency keywords to determine the hot areas of international science and technology policy research,by detecting the keywords which had significant changing trendence to determine the forefront of the field and development trends in the field of international science and technology policy research,this paper analyzed the evolution process of international research on science and technology policy. The research shows that the international research on science and technology policy has changed obviously over the past 42 years,which is mainly reflected in the following aspects： Firstly,the research scope is developed from the sporadic ＂ science and technology policy＂ to the current scientific and standardized research on ＂ science of science policy＂. Secondly,the research perspective is from the macro-research at the national level to the micro-tilt,and thirdly the research hotspot is diversely expanded from knowledge management,national innovation system and so on to open innovation,triple helix innovation,team knowledge creation and so on. At the same time,it is found that the international research on science and technology policy was mainly influenced by the theory of national innovation system of Nelson and Porter＇s national competitive advantage at the early stage,and is mainly influenced by open innovation theory and triple helix innovation theory at present. This paper provides a new reference and basis for a more comprehensive understanding of the development and evolution process of international research on science and technology policy,and for grasping the knowledge base,research hotspot and development direction in this field.