共享单车的主导设计与标准之争

Design dominance and standards battles of shared bikes

共享单车是近年来快速成长并带来巨大社会影响的创新产品。本文以摩拜和ofo两家企业的专利组合为样本,利用IPC分类信息,通过社会网络分析方法,研究了共享单车行业的主导设计和技术标准之争。研究发现,ofo的专利组合聚焦于共享单车的锁具与控制系统,而摩拜则涵盖了从车身和轮毂设计、传动、制动、发电、包含定位和网络通讯功能的智能锁、软件系统等完整技术领域。尽管ofo率先开创了互联网共享单车的商业模式,摩拜凭借专利组合优势领先形成了共享单车的主导设计,并进一步影响了行业技术标准的确立。但是,智能锁及供电系统并未形成统一标准,可能成为共享单车下一步竞争的焦点。这一研究为新兴行业的创新战略提供了一些新的洞见。

Shared bike is an innovative product that has been booming in recent years. This article investigates the dominant design and standard battles in the shared bicycle industry through the social network analysis method. Based on the patent portfolio of the two leading companies Mobike and ofo,and using the IPC classification information,this study finds that ofo＇s patent portfolio focused on the lock and control system of bicycles,while Mobike covers the complete technical areas of shared bikes,from smart-lock including satellite positioning and network communication,to new mechanical structure and driving design. Although ofo firstly starts the business model innovation of shared bikes,Mobike leads the dominant design with the advantage of patent portfolio,and further affects the establishment of industry technical standards. However,the smart-lock and power supply system does not form a unified standard,may become the core content of the next round technological competition. This research provides some new insights into the innovation strategy of emerging industries.