家庭关怀度和社会支持对老年人健康促进行为影响

Impact of family care and social support on health promotion behavior among older residents

目的探讨家庭关怀度与社会支持对老年人健康促进行为的影响。方法于2016年10月采用整群抽样法,对河北省邯郸市1 455名多60岁老人应用家庭关怀度指数量表(APGAR)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、健康促进生活方式评定量表-Ⅱ(HPLP-Ⅱ)及自编的一般情况问卷进行入户调查。结果与低家庭关怀组相比,高家庭关怀组的老年人健康促进总分及各维度得分较高(P<0.05)。社会支持满意组的老年人健康促进行为得分较高(P<0.05)。家庭关怀度和社会支持与老年健康促进行为呈正相关(r=0.531,P<0.05)。多元逐步回归分析结果,婚姻状况(β'=4.458,β=0.096)、月收入(β′=-1.728,β=-0.080)、家庭结构(β′=2.463,β=0.072)、慢性病(β′=-4.188,β=-0.200)、长期用药(β′=3.572,β=0.085)、家庭关怀度(β′=2.344,β=0.164)、社会支持(β′=1.263,β=0.528)是健康促进行为的影响因素,可解释健康促进行为47.4%的变异量。结论家庭关怀度和社会支持影响老年人的健康促进行为。

Objective To explore the impact of family care and social support on health promotion behaviors among elder residents. Methods A total of 1 455 community residents aged 60 years and over were recruited with random cluster sampling in Handan municipality of Hebei province; then we conducted a household survey among the elderly using a general questionnaire, Family Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection and Resolve（APGAR） Scale, Social Support Rating Scale（SSRS）, and Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile-Ⅱ（HPLP-Ⅱ） during October 2016. Results The overall and domain scores of HPLP-Ⅱ were higher among the elderly with high family care than among those with low family care（P〈0.05）. The health promotion behavior score was higher among the elderly perceiving good social support than among those perceiving general or poor social support（P〈0.05）. The health promotion behavior was positively correlated with the overall score of family care and social support（r = 0.531, P〈0.05）. Stepwise multivariate regression analysis revealed influencing factors of health promotion behavior in the elderly as following： marital status（regression coefficient [β＇]= 4.458, standard regression coefficient [β] = 0.096）, monthly income（β＇=-1.728,β=-0.080）, family structure（β＇ = 2.463, β= 0.072）, with chronic disease（β＇ =-4.188, β =-0.200）, having long-term medication（β＇= 3.572, β = 0.085）, family care（β＇ = 2.344,β = 0.164）, and social support（β＇ = 1.263,β= 0.528）; all the influencing factors contributed to 47.4 % of the total variation in health promotion behavior. Conclusion Family care and social support influence health promotion behaviors among community elderly.