改革开放40年教育体制机制改革的历史与逻辑分析

The Historical and Logical Analysis of the Education System and Mechanism Reform in the Past 40 Years of Reform and Opening up in China

改革开放40年来的教育体制机制改革,经历了教育制度的恢复与重建、教育体制改革的展开、教育体制改革的探索、教育体制改革的持续及教育体制机制改革的深化等五个发展阶段。在此过程中,教育体制改革表现为不同层级的政府及其部门之间,政府与学校、社会组织、市场间以及学校领导、教师与家长间不同教育利益主体教育权力与利益的合理配置与博弈,是一个从重建教育秩序进而力图突破规制、以法治赋权、推进协商共治的过程,一个寻求不同教育利益主体间适度张力与激发其活力的过程,一个从规制走向赋能的过程。这种张力的调适与活力的激发,须建立和完善教育法治保障机制。

In the past 40 years of reform and opening-up,the reform of the education institution have experienced five different stages of development,including the restoration and reconstruction of the education system,the beginning period of the reform of the educational system,the exploration of the reform of the education system,the continuity of the reform of the education system,and the deepening of the reform of education system mechanism.In the process of development,the education institution change is represented by the game of rights and interests in education among the central and local government,the different departments in the government,the government and the school,the government and the market/social organization,and the school leader,the teacher and the parents.This is a process of reforming the order of education and trying to break the rules,to empower by the rule of law,to promote consultation,and to seek the appropriate tension between the different stakeholders and to stimulate its vitality,a process from regulation to empower.But the adjustment of this tension and the stimulation of vitality need to be realized within the framework of the rule of law.