“儿童中心”与“社会改造”的择决——克伯屈教育思想新论

The Hard Choices between Child-centeredness and the Social Reconstructionism:A New Study on William Heard Kilpatrick's Educational Ideas

克伯屈是进步主义教育思想的代表人物。他对推进教育规律的探索、推动美国教育的现代转型,都做出了重要贡献。克伯屈教育思想的演变,可分为前后两个时期。前期,他主张温和的儿童中心论;后期,他属于稳健的社会改造主义。在个人主义方法论、渐进改良主义和社会改造目标等方面,克氏前后两个时期的思想是连续的。作为进步主义教育两翼的"儿童中心"和"社会改造",不乏罅隙,致使克伯屈和杜威等教育家,在揭示和刻画二者的关系时,时常进退失据。在克氏思想中,"儿童中心"和"社会改造"二者的连续性享有支配地位,冲突性则屈居从属地位。二者都是现代人道主义、民主主义教育思想的一部分。

William Heard Kilpatrick is the representative figure of the progressive education movement.He made great contributions to exploring the modern educational principles and to promoting the modern transformation of education in the United States.There were two periods in the development of William Heard Kilpatrick＇s educational ideas.In the early period,he advocated child-centeredness;in the later period,he turned to the social reconstructionism.His ideas in the two periods were successive in terms of individualist methodology,progressive reformism and the aims of social reform.As the two wings of progressive education,there were gaps between child-centeredness and social reconstructionism.As a result,educators like William Heard Kilpatrick and John Dewey often made mistakes when revealing and portraying the relationship between the two at times.However,in Kilpatrick＇s thought,the continuity between child-centeredness and the social reconstructionism was dominant,and the conflict between them was subordinate.