夯实现代职业教育的发展基础--改革开放以来中职教育发展历程、贡献与展望

Consolidating the Development Foundation for Modern Vocational Education——Development Course, Contribution and Prospect of Secondary Vocational Education since the Reform and Opening-up

改革开放以来,我国中职教育发展走过了如下历程:1978-1987年,从作为教育结构改革的核心起步,走向高速发展的轨道;1988-1997年,在规模稳步扩张过程中实现了办学质量的提高、提升了办学的规范化水平;1998-2007年,从大滑坡到迎来发展机遇;2008-2017年,从规模高峰到迈入现代化,又开始面临生源困境。40多年来,中等职业教育为我国经济社会发展培养了数以亿计的技术技能人才,为更多的教育对象提供了受教育机会,促进了高中阶段教育普及和教育公平的实现。新时代背景下,我国中等职业教育发展面临生源减少、广大人民群众教育选择意愿不强等困境。未来发展中,需要进一步强化中等职业教育的类型特色,全面提高其办学质量;加强中等职业教育与高等教育及普通高中教育的衔接沟通,为学习者提供迈入高层次教育的通道;拓宽中等职业教育办学职能,增强中等职业学校办学的开放性,使其成为重要的终身学习载体。

Since the reform and opening-up, the development of secondary vocational education in China has gone through the following stages： from 1978 to 1987, as the core of the reform of educational structure, going on the track of high-speed development; from 1988 to 1997, in the process of steady expansion of the scale, the quality of school-running has been improved and the standard level of schoolrunning has been upgraded; from 1998 to 2007, gone from hill-creeping to receiving development opportunity; from 2008 to 2017, from the peak of scale to the modernization, they began to face the dilemma of students. Over the past 40 years, secondary vocational education has trained billions of technical talents for China＇s economic and social development, provided more educational objects with educational opportunities, and promoted the popularization of high school education and the realization of educational equity. Under the background of the new era, the development of secondary vocational education in China is faced with the dilemma of fewer students and the weak willingness of the masses to choose education. In the future development, it is necessary to further strengthen the type characteristics of secondary vocational education, improve its quality of running schools in an all-round way; strengthen the connection and communication between secondary vocational education, higher education and general high school education, and provide learners with access to highlevel education; broaden the functions of secondary vocational education, strengthen the openness of school-running, and makes it an important carrier of lifelong learning.