轮作周期及新型肥料对蒙古黄芪主要农艺性状及生产效应研究

Effects of Rotation Cycle and New Fertilizers on Main Agronomic Traits and Production of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongolicus

目的:通过试验获得轮作周期及新型肥料对蒙古黄芪主要农艺性状[1]及生产效应[2]之影响。方法:采用单因素随机区组一年多点法设计,处理内容6个,重复次数3次,小区面积3 m×7 m。结果:新型肥料在不同轮作制条件下黄芪鲜根平均产量分别为6765 kg·hm-2和4431 kg·hm-2,在3a轮作制土壤条件下施用新型肥料较重茬土壤条件下施用新型肥料可增产52.7%。在3a轮作制土壤条件下建议选择25%凹凸棒矿化复合肥3000 kg·hm-2,在重茬土壤栽培条件下选择25%凹凸棒矿化复混肥3000 kg·hm-2为宜。施30%凹凸棒矿化复合肥3000 kg·hm-2的处理其经济纯收益最高,收益率为9.99元/元,且黄芪甲苷含量最高0.118%,较对照常规化肥0.076%提高了55.3%。结论:蒙古黄芪高产、优质、高效及抗病性好的技术方案是,在3a轮作制土壤条件下选择凹凸棒矿化复合肥25%,在重茬土壤栽培条件下选择凹凸棒矿化复混肥25%为宜。

Objective： To obtain the effects of rotation cycle and new fertilizers on the main agronomic traits and production of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongolicus. Methods： Single factor,randomized block with 6 contents and 3 repetitions and multi-point design method was used in one year. The plot area was 3 m × 7 m. Results： the average yield of fresh root of A. membranaceus var. mongolicus was 6765 kg·hm^-2 and 4431 kg·hm^-2 under different rotation conditions. Under the soil condition of 3 a rotation,the application of new fertilizer to continuous cropping soil could increase the yield by 52. 7%. Under the soil condition of 3 a rotation or continuous cropping soil,it is suggested to choose 25% attapulgite mineralized compound fertilizer 3000 kg·hm^-2. The treatment of 3000 kg·hm^-2 with 30% attapulgite mineralization compound fertilizer had the highest economic yield of 9. 99 yuan/yuan,and the content of astragaloside was 0. 118%,which was 55. 3% higher than that of the control using conventional chemical fertilizer 0. 076%. Conclusion： The practical scheme of high yield,high quality,high efficiency and good disease resistance of A. membranaceus var. mongolicus were obtained. Under the soil condition of 3 a rotation,the attapulgite mineralization compound fertilizer of 25% was selected. It was suitable to choose the attapulgite mineralized compound fertilizer of 25% under the condition of continuous cropping soil.