后格赖斯默认语义学意义合成模式研究

Merger composition in Post-Gricean Default Semantics

经典格赖斯会话含义的方法论缺陷导致了语义学和语用学的分界之争。默认语义学将诸多意义层面加以简化。Jaszczolt提出首要意义与次要意义的划分,认为首要意义是一种合并性表征,各种不同来源的信息以平等的地位合并到一个平面。本研究系统首先追溯了默认语义学的理论背景,认为其理论来源主要有四个,然后分析了默认语义学的主要观点,最后分析了默认语义学的不足并提出解决方案,本研究的主要观点是:1)语义—语用交叉层面的存在具有其合理性;2)默认并非依靠语境和语用原则的推论,而是依靠语言规约所做的规约推理;3)意义表征的不同来源地位并不完全平等,词汇意义和句子结构具有优先性地位;4)不同类型的默认意义对语境具有不同程度的依赖。

The methodological limitations in classic Gricean theory lead to a heated debate on the division of semantics and pragmatics. In an attempt to simplify layers of meaning,Jaszczolt puts forward a theory of Default Semantics. She divides meaning into primary and secondary meaning,and regards the former as a merger representation in which different kinds of information sources merge into one,every one being equal in significance. The present study first traces the theoretical backgrounds of Default Semantics（ DS） and reexamines the four theories which exert great influence on the formation of DS,then analyses the main viewpoints in DS. Finally we propose four ways of compensating for the weakness of DS： 1） it is reasonable to accept the existence of an interface between semantics and pragmatics; 2） defaults are not deduced according to context and pragmatic inference,they are conventional reasoning according to linguistic conventions; 3） the different information sources can not be equal in importance,and word meaning and sentence structure should have priority over others; 4） different kinds of defaults show different degrees of dependence on contexts.