从《卡提夫条约》到《吉达条约》:英国与现代沙特国家的诞生

From “The Anglo-Najd Treaty of 1915” to “The Treaty of Jiddah” :Britain and the Establishment of Modern State of Saudi Arabia

在伊本·沙特复国初期,沙特国家安全受到阿拉伯邻国和奥斯曼帝国的威胁,伊本·沙特选择主动向英国寻求"保护"。《卡提夫条约》的签署不仅使沙特摆脱了孤立局面,也使英国在战时的阿拉伯半岛获得了一位可靠的盟友。一战结束之后,英国在中东的委任统治面临着挑战,伊本·沙特在对待泛阿拉伯主义及英国在中东的委任统治这两个问题上与侯赛因截然不同的态度促使英国选择伊本·沙特取代后者。1927年《吉达条约》的签订是英国对战后阿拉伯半岛政策的一次重大调整,这不仅有助于维护英国在中东的委任统治及未来在阿拉伯半岛的战略平衡,而且标志着现代沙特国家从此诞生。

In the initial stage of Ibn Saud＇s reestablishing his country,Saudi Arabia＇s security was threatened by neighboring countries and the Ottoman Empire. Ibn Saud had to take the initiative to seek ＂protection＂from Britain. After ＂The Anglo-Najd Treaty of 1915＂was signed,Saudi Arabia not only get rid of isolation,but also made the Britain obtain a reliable ally in the Arabia. After the First World War,the British mandatory system in the Middle East faced challenges. The different attitudes toward Pan-Arabism and Britain＇s mandate system in the Middle East between Ibn Saud and Hussein prompted the British to choose Ibn Saud to replace the latter.＂The Treaty of Jeddah＂signed in 1927 was a major adjustment of the British policy towards the postwar Arabia peninsula,which not only contributed to Britain＇s mandatory system and strategic balance on the Arabian peninsula,but also marked the establishment of modern state of Saudi Arabia.