扩张解释与限缩解释的思维进路与操作机制——兼及区分“类推”和“扩张解释”的理论难题与根本解决之道

The Thinking Approach and Operation Mechanism of Extensive Interpretation and Restrictive Interpretation: as well as The Radical Solution to the Theoretical Problem of Distinguishing Analogy and Extensive Interpretation

扩张解释和限缩解释是常用的重要法律解释方法,但关于二者的本质与概念界定、思维机制与边界界分,尤其扩张解释与类推的区分,都是当前法律思维与方法研究领域的持久难题。本文以语义学的"概念分析"切入,通过重构概念的"内涵—外延"逻辑关系,以"类型推理"为法律方法展开的思维机制,全新界定了扩张解释和限缩解释的概念与意义择取界限、操作机制和基本准则,从而将两种法律方法予以彻底确定化、定型化和实用化;在此基础上,阐明了将扩张解释与类推(适用)准确界分的根本解决之道,并予以实例证明。这种致力于法律方法明晰化、确定化和操作化的努力,对于推进法律思维与法律方法的学理研究,尤其对于司法实践的提升和司法公正的推进意义显著。

Extensive interpretation and restrictive interpretation are important frequently-used method of legal interpretation , but how to define the connotation of the concept ,the thinking mechanism and the boundary of extensive interpretation and restrictive interpretation, especially distinguish snalogy and Extensive Interpretation, are Persistent problems in the field of study of legal thinking and method nowadays. With the aid of ＂concept analysis＂ of semantics and reconstruction the logical relationship be- tween the connotation and extension of the concept, this paper not only makes the brand-new definition of concept and the boundary of selecting meaning of extensive interpretation and restrictive interpretation, but also defines the handling mechanism and fundamental prine.iples of them by taking ＂type inference＂ as thinking mechanism of carrying out the methods of legal interpreta- tion, so that we can thoroughly realize the clarity , certainty and explicit definition of these two legal methods. On this basis, this paper further clarifies the radical solution to distinguish analogy and extensive interpretation and proves it by using examples. This effort to seek clarity , certainty and operability of legal method has a significant meaning to the promotion of academic study of the legal thinking and method, especially to the enhancement of juridical practiee and judicial justice.