自动驾驶汽车风险的立法规制研究

Research on the Legal Regulation of Automated Driving Vehicle Risk

近些年,自动驾驶技术迅猛发展,在技术、产业、法律和政策的互动与碰撞中,自动驾驶对于立法的需求变得越来越迫切。自动驾驶在实践中仍存在着较大的风险,包括技术方面的瓶颈导致的现实风险和技术上的缺陷对人类生命安全的潜在威胁。而比起技术上的风险,法律的缺失才是自动驾驶技术面临的最主要的挑战,必须即刻着手研究自动驾驶汽车所涉的相关法律问题,制定《自动驾驶汽车法》。立法应体现以人为本的基本理念,包括道路安全优于出行便利,两难决策不能被标准化和编程化,对个人的保护优先于所有其他功利主义考量。要明确自动驾驶汽车发生交通事故后的责任主体及责任分配,还要建立自动驾驶汽车的分级、分类管理和安全行驶评估制度,自动驾驶汽车安全记录制度、自动驾驶汽车"双轨制"保险制度。

In recent years, autopilot technology has developed rapidly. In the interaction and collision of technology, industry,laws, and policies, the demand for autodriving legislation has become more and more urgent. There are still great risks in thepractice of autopilot, including the potential threats caused by technical bottlenecks and technical defects to human life. Comparedwith technical risks, the lack of law is the most important challenge facing autopilot technology. It must immediately begin to stud-y the relevant legal issues involved in self-driving cars and formulate the ＂Autonomous Vehicle Law＂. Legislation should reflectthe people-oriented basic philosophy, including that road safety is superior to travel convenience, dilemmas cannot be standard-ized and programmed, and individual protection is prioritized over all other utilitarian considerations. It is necessary to clarify theresponsibility of the self=driving car after the occurrence of traffic accidents and the distribution of responsibilities, but also to es-tablish a self-driving car classification, classification management and safe driving assessment system, establish a self-drivingcar safety record system, the establishment of self-driving cars ＂dual track system＂ insurance system.