安全态度的转变过程及方法研究

Research on processes and approaches to change safety attitude

不安全态度会导致不安全行为,转变不安全态度是预防事故发生的重要途径之一。将安全态度定义为人对所在社会组织中不安全因素、安全状态及其保障措施所具有的认知、情感倾向和内隐行为反应;在该定义的基础上,分析安全态度的内涵,论述其形成机制;从内容失衡和心理需求的角度,探讨安全态度转变的内在过程;根据传播劝服模型,构建安全态度转变的外部作用模型。研究表明：转变安全态度需要提高劝导者的影响力、提高安全信息的冲击力、降低受众的心理抵抗力和增强环境一致性。

Unsafe attitudes will lead to unsafe behaviors. Thus,changing unsafe attitudes is an important way to prevent accidents. Humans ＇ safety attitude is their cognition,feeling and implicit behavioral response to the unsafe factors,safety state and safeguards in the social organization they are in. Based on this definition,the connotations of safety attitude were analyzed. Based on this,the internal changing process of safety attitude was explored from the perspective of content imbalance and psychological needs.Furthermore,an external effect model of changing safety attitude was built based on the communication and persuasion theory. The result shows that to change safety attitude,the influence of persuaders and the impact of safety information should be increased,the psychological resistance of audiences should be decreased and the coherence of environment should be improved.