2010-2015年甘肃省发热呼吸道症候群病原体监测结果

Surveillance of pathogens in febrile respiratory syndrome in Gansu Province from 2010 to 2015

目的了解甘肃省2010-2015年发热呼吸道症候群的病原特征及其变化规律,为提供针对性的防控提供参考依据。方法采用观察性流行病学研究方法,分析六年来病原感染模式和主要病原的季节变化规律。结果病原阳性检出率逐年提高,总体来说40岁以上病例的阳性检出率较年少者高。病毒检出顺位前两位分别是人流感病毒和鼻病毒,细菌前两位是肺炎链球菌和流感嗜血杆菌,且四种病原位次在各年度较为稳定。混合感染情况以细菌合并病毒感染为主,最常见为肺炎链球菌合并其他病原感染。探索上述四种主要病原在2010-2015年各年度的月份分布,人流感病毒以11月~次年2月高发,但2015年5、8、9月份也有发病高峰;鼻病毒主要在8~10月高发,于2011年5月和7月也有高发特征;流感嗜血杆菌在以8~10月份分布较多;肺炎链球菌主要以2、8、10、11月份分布较多,但在2015年度4、5月也高发。结论 2010-2015年甘肃省发热呼吸道症候群不同病原有其各自的季节性特征,人流感病毒和鼻病毒有明显的季节性,肺炎链球菌和流感嗜血杆菌季节性不明显。

Objective To investigate the pathogenic features and change rules of dominant pathogens of febrile re- spiratory syndrome in Gansu Province from 2010 to 2015, so as to provide the basis for targeted prevention and control. Methods Data was analyzed using observational epidemiology to detect pathogenic infection mode and Seasonal change rules of main pathogens of febrile respiratory syndrome. Results Detection-positive rate increased year by year. In gene- ral, the positive rate of cases over 40 years old was higher than that of young people. Viruses with top two positive rates were influenza and rhinovirus, while streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae were the most frequently detected bacteria. The four pathogens were listed steadily in every year. The mixed infection was mainly caused by bacteria com- bined with virus, and the most common was streptococcus pneumoniae with other pathogens. The monthly distribution fea- tures of the four main pathogens above were explored in each year from 2010 to 2015. Influenza was found mainly from No- vember to next February, while also occurred on May, August and September with high incidence. Rhinovirus occurred in- tensively from August to October, but were also discovered on May and July in 2011 with epidemic peak. Haemophilus in- fluenzae distributed from August to October mostly, whereas streptococcus pneumoniae was mainly revealed in February, August, October and November, while showing high rate in April and May in 2015. Conclusions Different pathogens of febrile respiratory syndrome have their respective seasonal characteristics in Gansu Province from 2010 to 2015. Obvious seasonality patterns of influenza and rhinovirus were observed, but not evident in streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophi- lus influenzae.