器官移植中胎儿组织的法律属性及利用规则探究

Legal Attribute and Rules of the Use of Fetal Tissue from Abortion in Organ Transplantation

胎儿组织在器官移植中的利用在一定程度上缓解了器官短缺的难题。为使胎儿组织的利用合乎现代民法之私法本位精神,从胎儿组织生物学属性着手,深入探讨了胎儿组织在与母体分离前、与母体分离后植入受体前及植入受体后的法律属性,从胎儿组织来源、终止妊娠的方式和范围及捐献主体三个方面设置限制条件,进而提出了流产决定与捐献决定分离并先于捐献决定的机制,禁止胎儿母亲知悉或指定受体,禁止胎儿母亲从捐献中获利和禁止为获得胎儿组织而改变流产时间、方式等四项利用规则。

The use of fetal tissue in organ transplantation relieved the organ shortage to a certain extent.To make use of fetal tissue in line with the spirit of private law with the basis of modern civil law.From the biological properties of fetal tissue,the author proceeded the analysis of legal property of the fetal tissue which is prior to and after being isolated from the parent,before and after implantation into the receptor.Since the fetal tissue was restricted from three aspects of sources of the tissue,manner of termination of pregnancy and donate body,the paper put forward a mechanism of four rules：the separation of abortion decision and donation decision,the abortion prior to donation,the prohibition of the parent＇s awareness of the receptor as well as the profit making in this process,or change of abortion time or manner for acquiring the tissue.