表征、语境与实在——兼评塞尔的非表征实在论

Representation,Context and Reality:A Review of Searle's Non-representative Theory of Reality

塞尔把外部实在看成是独立于一切表征的客观实在,同时也是一种可理解性条件或背景条件,并对此给出两种先验论证,但塞尔并不认同这种独立于一切表征的客观实在就是康德意义上的"自在之物"。塞尔的这两种观点是相互矛盾的,从而使其理论存在缺陷,在不同的语境中可以具有不同层次的客观性,因而具有不同的实在,完全独立于人类一切表征的客观实在不可知。

Searle considered the reality as the objective reality which exists independently of human representations,and it is also a kind of intelligibility or background conditions.So Searle made a transcendental argument for external realism.However,Searle did not think the objective reality independent of our representations is the thing-in-itself.Analysis shows that the two views of Searle are mutually contradictory which make his theoretical defect.In different contexts it has different levels of objectivity,thus has different reality and the reality independent of human representations is unknowable.