我国省域森林生态安全评价及差异化——基于生态文明建设背景

Evaluation and difference analysis of provincial forest ecological security in China based on the background of ecological civilization construction

生态文明是我国"五位一体"总体布局的重要内容,将直接引领我国生态环境保护与建设的大略方针,而森林作为生态文明建设中最本质和最重要的物质基础,其生态安全状况显得尤为重要。基于生态文明建设背景,从省域层面分析森林生态安全状况,沿用PSR模型构建森林生态安全评价指标体系,对2007年、2011年和2014年各省级行政区森林生态安全状况进行评价和对比。结果表明:森林资源状况是各省(市、自治区)森林生态安全状况存在差异的最主要原因;森林生态状态对森林生态安全评价影响最主要,森林生态压力影响次之;生态文明建设前期,我国各省级行政区的森林生态安全状况均呈上升趋势,生态文明建设后期,大部分省(市、自治区)森林生态安全状况出现下降趋势。同时,针对各地区森林资源的不同状况,提出了提高森林生态系统安全性的建议。

Ecological civilization is an important concept, based on ＂all-round economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological progress＂ in China. It will directly lead the future policies of environmental protection and construction in China. As forests are the most essential and important material base for the construction of an ecological civilization, their ecological security is especially important. Based on the background of ecological civilization construction, this study evaluated and compared the ecological security of forests in Chinese provincial districts in 2007, 2011, and 2014, and used a pressure-state-response （PSR） model to establish the Evaluation Index System of Forest Ecological Security. The results showed that the status of forest resources is the most important reason for the differences in the ecological security among the provinces （municipalities and autonomous regions）; the forest ecological status is the most important influence on the evaluation of forest ecological security, and the ecological pressure on forests is the second major factor. In the early stages of the construction of an ecological civilization, the ecological security of forests in Chinese provincial districts is on the rise. However, in the later periods of ecological civilization construction, the ecological security trends downward in most provinces （cities and autonomous regions）. At the same time, this paper offers advice for improving the safety of forest ecosystems in response to the different situations of forest resources in different regions.