雨水与“灵验”的建构——对陕北高家峁村庙的历时性考察

Rainwater and the Construction of “Efficaciousness”:On the Diachronic Investigation of the Temple of Gaojiamao Village in Northern Shaanxi

乡村庙会中,"灵验"意识影响着人们崇神祈灵的行为和庙会活动的展开,因而,灵验问题成为民间信仰研究的重要议题。祈雨作为高家峁村的中心事件始终与灵验问题耦合在一起,成为透视人神关系的"窗口",具有了媒介的特质。随着社会变迁、生计转型,雨水意义发生转向的历时过程,同样也是灵验的建构、传承与再建构的过程。然而,灵验并不是笼罩在乡村世界之上的结构形式,也不是纯粹心理活动的个体观念,它是始终存在于村民生活世界之内的社会事实,其背后隐含着人、自然与神界三重世界的勾连。

In rural temple fairs,the awareness of "efficaciousness"influences people's worship of gods and the development of temple fairs.Therefore,efficaciousness has become an important topic in the study of folk beliefs.As the central event of Gaojiamao village,rainwater has always been coupled with efficacious problems and become a"window"to see the relationship between human beings and gods,which has the characteristics of media.Along with the transformation of society and people's livelihood,the changing process of the meaning of rainwater is also the process of constructing,inheriting and reconstructing.However,the efficaciousness is neither shrouded in the structure of rural world,nor purely psychological activity of individual idea.It always exists in villagers' life world as a social fact,with the triple connection of man,nature and divinity hidden behind.