台湾地区长期照护政策:回顾、评价及启示

Retrospection,evaluation and enlightenment of long-term care policies in Taiwan of China

台湾地区于1993年正式进入老龄化社会。伴随着人口老龄化、老年慢性疾病盛行、家庭结构和老人居住形式改变,老年群体对长期照护的需求大量增加。台湾地区1980年颁布《老人福利法》,2008年实施《长期照护十年计划》,2016年实施《长期照护十年计划2.0》,先后推出了一系列长期照护政策,可分为研议期、实施期、发展期三个阶段。这些政策在取得积极社会效果的同时,也面临经费投入稳定性不足、照护人员短缺等问题的挑战。为此需要结合当地经济发展水平和人口结构特质反思:保险制或税收制哪一种更适合?如何实现"积极老龄化"?从而推动长期照护政策的可持续发展。我们以期从中得到一些启示,为大陆建立长期照护体系提供借鉴。

Taiwan of China has officially entered an aging society since 1993. With the quickened steps of the aging population,the prevalence of chronic diseases among the elderly,the changes in the family structure and in the living style of the elderly,there has been an increasing demand for long-term care. Taiwan promulgated the＂Welfare Law for the Elderly＂ in 1980,the ＂Ten-year Plan for Long-term Care＂ in 2008 and the ＂Ten-year Plan for Long-term Care 2.0＂ in 2016 as a series of long-term care policies,which can be divided into the stage of research and discussion,the stage of implementation and the stage of development. While achieving positive social effects,these policies also face such challenges as the insufficient funds and a shortage of health-care workers. It requires reflections on Taiwan＇s economic development level and demographic characteristics： whether the insurance system or the tax system is more suitable？ What are the approaches to ＂active aging＂ and to promoting the sustainable development of long-term care policies？ Such reflections will shed some light on the establishment of a long-term care system in the mainland of China.