利用红外相机技术对广东车八岭国家级自然保护区兽类和鸟类资源的初步调查

Mammal and bird diversity survey using camera traps in the Chebaling National Nature Reserve,Guangdong Province

为深入了解广东车八岭国家级自然保护区野生动物资源现状,于2014年9月至2016年11月在保护区内布设101个红外相机调查位点,累计11 399相机日。共获得有动物的独立有效照片2549张,鉴定兽类和鸟类有9目19科43种(兽类13种,鸟类30种),包括6种国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物:斑灵狸(Prionodon pardicolor)、中华鬣羚(Capricornis milneedwardsii)、白鹇(Lophura nycthemera)、仙八色鸫(Pitta nympha)、褐翅鸦鹃(Centropus sinensis)和松雀鹰(Accipiter virgatus)。红腿长吻松鼠(Dremomys pyrrhomerus)、小泡巨鼠(Leopoldamys edwardsi)、仙八色鸫、橙头地鸫(Zoothera citrina)和白冠燕尾(Enicurus leschenaultia)为保护区的新纪录物种。相对丰富度指数较高的兽类有红腿长吻松鼠、赤麂(Muntiacus vaginalis)和野猪(Sus scrofa),相对丰富度指数较高的鸟类有白鹇和黑领噪鹛(Garrulax pectoralis)。此外,鸟兽物种数呈现一定的海拔分布趋势,以海拔450～600m之间的物种多样性最高,但差异不显著。与南岭山脉邻近保护区相比,就已发表的红外相机监测结果而言,车八岭的鸟类多样性最高,而南岭保护区的兽类多样性较高,鸟兽的不同分布可能与保护区亚热带常绿阔叶林的面积和生态系统的完整性有关。本次初步调查掌握了车八岭保护区的鸟兽多样性数据,为以后该保护区及整个南岭山脉野生动物资源长期监测积累了基础资料。

To investigate the biodiversity and relative abundance of birds and mammals in the Chebaling Nature Reserve,we established 101 camera traps between September 2014 and November 2016. Over 11 399 camera-trap days,we obtained 2 549 photographs of wildlife. Analyzing these pictures,we identified 13 mammal species and 30 bird species,including six Class-Ⅱ state key protected wild animals： the spotted linsang（ Prionodon pardicolor）, the Chinese serow（ Capricornis milneedwardsii）,the silver pheasant（ Lophura nycthemera）,the fairy pitta（ Pitta nympha）,the greater coucal（ Centropus sinensis）,and the besra（ Accipiter virgatus）. Additionally,we recorded several species that were previously not observed in the nature reserve： the red-hipped squirrel（ Dremomys pyrrhomerus）,the Edwards＇ s long-tailed giant rat（ Leopoldamys edwardsi）,the fairy pitta,the orange-headed thrush（ Zoothera citrina）,and the white-crowned forktail（ Enicurus leschenaultia）. Based on a relative abundance index,red-hipped squirrels,Indian muntjacs（ Muntiacus vaginalis）,and wild boars（ Sus scrofa） were the most abundant mammals,and silver pheasants and greater necklaced laughing thrushes（ Garrulax pectoralis） represented the most abundant birds in Chebaling. Furthermore,the diversity of birds and mammals was not equally distributed along the elevation gradient,and the highest species richness was detected at elevations between 450 m and 600 m. Compared with data from camera traps recorded in three other nature reserves across the Nanling Mountains,we recorded the highest number of bird species in the Chebaling Nature Reserve,but more mammal species were recorded in another area,the Nanling Nature Reserve. Our observations are important to update the bird and mammal species list and to provide the basis for future long-term wildlife monitoring in the nature reserves along Nanling Mountains.